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Learning to read your own ledger

Accounting literacy is the most underrated founder skill. A 30-minute primer on what every line means, and what to ignore.

September 18, 2024 · Sophie Neumann

Most founders can tell you their burn rate but not what’s on their balance sheet. That’s a problem that compounds quietly, right up until a diligence call in a Series B process.

The three statements you need to be fluent in

Balance sheet. What you own, what you owe, what’s left. Read it quarterly, minimum. Compare the cash line to what your bank shows. This catches more reconciliation errors than any rule engine.

Income statement. How much you made and how much it cost to make it. The rows that matter: gross margin, CAC payback, R&D as a percentage of revenue. Everything else is noise at your stage.

Cash flow statement. Where the cash actually moved. This is the one that gets skipped and the one that tells the truth.

The tell

If a founder can’t explain the difference between recognised revenue and billed revenue in one sentence, their Series B pitch will stall somewhere between minute 15 and minute 22. Learn it now. It’s cheaper than learning it in a diligence call.

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